Mitral valve abnormalities common in patients with polycystic kidney disease

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) – Patients with polycystic kidney disease frequently have mitral valve prolapse or regurgitation, Finnish researchers report.

Dr. Anne Lumiaho, from Kuopio University Hospital, and colleagues collected data on 109 patients with polycystic kidney disease type 1 from 16 families. They compared echocardiography results from these patients with those from 73 family members without polycystic kidney disease and with 73 healthy controls.

Of the patients with polycystic kidney disease type 1, 25.7% had mitral valve prolapse compared with 13.7% of family members and 9.6% of controls. Among the patients with polycystic kidney disease type 1, 12.8% had hemodynamically significant mitral regurgitation compared with 2.7% of the controls, the researchers report. There was no difference between family members and controls.

Of the polycystic kidney disease type 1 patients, 18.9% had left ventricular hypertrophy compared with 5.7% of the family members and 4.2% of the controls, according to the report in the December issue of the American Journal of Kidney Diseases.

Among patients with polycystic kidney disease type 1, the severity of renal insufficiency and systolic blood pressure were correlated with mitral regurgitation and left ventricular hypertrophy, Dr. Lumiaho's group points out. "Mitral valve prolapse seems to be a characteristic finding in adults with polycystic kidney disease type 1, but mitral regurgitation is likely to be secondary to elevated blood pressure," they suggest.

Dr. Lumiaho and colleagues conclude that "to our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating cardiac valve abnormalities in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease with a uniform genotype."

Am J Kidney Dis 2001;38:1208-1216.

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