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Higher Calcium Intake Lowers Colon Cancer Risk — To A Point

Higher calcium intake is associated with lower risk for distal colon cancer in both women and men.

United States researchers says the risk pattern they observed in two large, prospective cohorts is consistent with a threshold effect, "suggesting that calcium intake beyond moderate levels may not be associated with a further risk reduction."

They studied data on 87,998 women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and 47,344 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS). "Incremental benefit of additional calcium intake beyond approximately 700 milligrams per day appeared to be minimal," they concluded.

Investigators from Harvard University, Brigham and Women's Hospital and the Dana-Farber cancer Institute in Boston, Massachusetts had previously reported modest inverse associations between calcium intake and colorectal cancer risk separately in the NHS and HPFS populations.

They extended their earlier analyses to 1996 and included better assessment of long-term diet through multiple dietary assessments. This allowed them to better define dose-response relationships and to examine risk by colon sites. The researchers were also able to look at factors that could modify the associations between calcium intake and risk.

They report they identified 626 colon cancer cases in women and 399 cases in men in this study. The researchers found an inverse association between higher total calcium intake and distal colon cancer they considered both populations together.

Relative risk for women taking more than 1250 mg/d of calcium versus 500 mg/d or less was 0.73. Relative risk for men was 0.58. Pooled relative risk was 0.65. The researchers point out no such association was found for proximal colon cancer: "Observed risk patterns were consistent with a threshold effect of calcium intake on colon cancer risk, suggesting that even a modest increase in calcium intake may confer protection against distal colon cancer among those with low intakes."

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© ‫ e-Med
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